On Wednesday, 14th August 2024, the Africa Centre for Disease Control officially declared the ongoing #mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security. This was in response to the rising number of cases across Africa (13 countries, 2,863 confirmed cases and 517 deaths so far).
Here’s all you need to know about the disease.
What is Mpox?
Mpox (formerly monkeypox) is a viral disease similar to smallpox, characterised by fever, swollen lymph nodes, and a rash with lesions that can appear on the face, palms, soles, mouth, and genitals.
How is it transmitted?
Mpox is transmitted through direct contact with the virus, which can occur via:
- Bodily Fluids: Contact with blood, saliva, or other fluids.
- Lesions: Touching the skin or mucous lesions of an infected person.
- Respiratory Droplets: Prolonged face-to-face contact.
- Contaminated Objects: Handling items like bedding or towels used by an infected person.
- Animal Transmission: Through bites, scratches, or eating meat from infected animals.
What are the symptoms of Mpox?
Symptoms typically appear 6 to 13 days after exposure and include:
Early symptoms:
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Back pain
- Fatigue
- Chills
- Swollen lymph nodes
Later symptoms
Rash, which appears 1 to 3 days after the fever, affecting the face, palms, soles, mouth, genitals, and eyes.
The rash progresses from flat lesions (macules) to raised lesions (papules), then fluid-filled bumps (vesicles), pus-filled bumps (pustules), and finally scabs
Overall, symptoms last 2 to 4 weeks and generally resolve without treatment.
Prevention
- To prevent Mpox, follow these guidelines:
- Vaccination: The smallpox vaccine is about 85% effective in preventing Mpox. The CDC recommends vaccination for people exposed to the virus or at high risk.
- Hygiene: Wash your hands regularly with soap and water or use hand sanitiser.
- Avoid Contact: Steer clear of direct contact with individuals showing symptoms or objects they have used (e.g., bedding, towels).
- Safe Practices: Avoid intimate contact, such as hugging, kissing, or sexual activity, with infected individuals.
- Protective Measures: If caring for someone with Mpox, use personal protective equipment (PPE).
Mpox is treatable. If detected and addressed early, the outcomes are good. If you notice any symptoms mentioned, please seek medical assistance.
