Lupus is a complex autoimmune disease that affects an estimated 5 million people worldwide. Despite its prevalence, many people don’t fully understand what lupus is, how it impacts daily life, or even recognise its symptoms. Raising awareness is crucial, as early diagnosis and proper management can make a significant difference. Here are seven important things you should know about lupus.
1. Lupus Is an Autoimmune, Rheumatic Disease
In lupus, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells and tissues. This can affect multiple organs, but the joints, skin, kidneys, lungs, eyes, heart, and nervous system are most commonly impacted. Because it is rheumatic in nature, lupus often overlaps with other autoimmune conditions, making it a challenging disease to manage.
2. 90% of Patients Are Women
Lupus disproportionately affects women, with about 90% of cases occurring in females between the ages of 15 and 44. However, men and children can also develop lupus. Understanding this gender imbalance is important for awareness and research into why women are more vulnerable.
3. It Is Difficult to Diagnose
No two cases of lupus are exactly alike. Symptoms often mimic other rheumatic diseases, such as chronic fatigue or joint pain, which makes diagnosis complicated. Doctors typically rely on a combination of medical history, blood tests, and physical examinations to confirm lupus.
4. Symptoms Differ Greatly from Person to Person
Lupus symptoms vary widely. Common signs include:
- Persistent fatigue
- Achy joints
- A butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose
- Hair loss
- Sensitivity to light
- Chest pain when breathing
- Mouth sores
- Swelling in the extremities or around the eyes
Because symptoms differ, lupus is often called “the great imitator.”
5. Lupus Is a Disease of Flares and Remissions
Lupus is unpredictable. Patients may experience flare-ups — periods when symptoms worsen — followed by remissions when symptoms improve. At least 75% of people with lupus have arthritis and skin rashes, while about half develop kidney problems. Lupus also increases vulnerability to infections, making careful monitoring essential.
6. Black People Have an Increased Risk
Research shows that lupus is two to three times more prevalent among people of colour, including African-Americans, Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans. These groups may also experience more severe symptoms and complications, highlighting the need for targeted awareness and healthcare support.
7. The Majority of Patients Lead Normal Lives
With proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments, most lupus patients can live full, productive lives. While flare-ups and limitations may occur, disease management strategies — including medication, regular check-ups, and healthy living — help sustain quality of life. The greatest challenge often comes from within: coping with frustration, depression, or loss of hope. Emotional resilience and support networks are just as important as medical care.
